What are Immune Regulation Biomarkers?
Basophils
Basophils make up just about 1% of your white blood cells but are important in defending against allergies and parasites like ticks and worms. They also help trigger your body’s antibody response to invaders.
Example: Think of basophils like allergy scouts—they raise the alarm when allergens or parasites show up.
How it’s measured: Part of a complete blood count (CBC) with differential; measures both percentage and absolute levels in blood.
Eosinophils
These cells rush to areas of inflammation to fight off viruses, parasites, and bacteria. They also play a role in allergic reactions. High levels can point to digestive issues or allergies.
Example: Eosinophils are like emergency responders—they show up where there’s damage or an invader to clean up the mess.
How it’s measured: Blood test as part of a CBC with differential; measures both percentage and absolute counts.
Lyme Antibody
This test checks if your body is making antibodies against Lyme disease, which can go unnoticed for years. If left untreated, it can cause brain and nerve damage. Symptoms often mimic other conditions, making early detection essential.
Example: Lyme antibody testing is like a security camera—looking for evidence your immune system has battled Lyme.
How it’s measured: Blood test that screens for immune response to the Lyme-causing bacteria.
Lyme Antibody (IgG)
This test looks for IgG antibodies, which appear in later stages of Lyme disease. A positive test shows longer-term or past infection.
Example: IgG is like footprints left behind—it tells you the invader was there, even if it’s gone now.
How it’s measured: Blood test, usually only done if the main Lyme antibody test is positive or borderline.
Lyme Antibody (IgM)
This test checks for IgM antibodies, which show up early after Lyme infection. It’s often paired with the IgG test for accuracy.
Example: IgM is like the fresh fingerprints of an infection—early signs your body just fought off Lyme.
How it’s measured: Blood test, done only if Lyme Antibody test is positive or equivocal.
Lymphocytes
Lymphocytes are critical for your immune system to function properly. Abnormal levels could mean issues like autoimmune disease, infections, or problems with bone marrow or digestion.
Example: Lymphocytes are your body’s defense strategists—they coordinate immune responses to keep you healthy.
How it’s measured: CBC with differential; includes both percentage and absolute lymphocyte count.
Monocytes
These immune cells help clean up infection and start the healing process. High or low levels can signal infections, stress, or chronic inflammation.
Example: Monocytes are like street cleaners—they mop up bacteria and call in reinforcements when needed.
How it’s measured: Blood test as part of a CBC with differential; includes both percentage and absolute monocyte levels.
Neutrophils
Neutrophils are your immune system’s first responders. They rush to sites of infection or injury and attack foreign invaders. Abnormal levels can point to infections, autoimmune disease, or even cancer.
Example: Neutrophils are like patrol officers—they’re the first to fight anything suspicious.
How it’s measured: Blood test as part of a CBC with differential; includes both percentage and absolute counts.
White Blood Cell Count (WBC)
Your total WBC level is a general marker of how well your immune system is functioning. Abnormal values over time can increase your risk for illness and even speed up biological aging.
Example: WBC is like a report card for your immune system—showing how ready it is to defend your body.
How it’s measured: Part of a standard CBC blood test.
High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hs-CRP)
This test reveals inflammation in your body, which plays a role in nearly every major chronic disease. Even if you feel fine, high hs-CRP could be an early sign of trouble.
Example: hs-CRP is like a silent alarm system—telling you something is brewing beneath the surface.
How it’s measured: Blood test designed to detect low levels of inflammation.
