What are Cancer Detection Biomarkers?
Multi-Cancer Detection Test (Galleri® by Grail)
This test looks for early signals of over 50 different types of cancer—even in people with no symptoms. It can detect signs as early as stage one, helping catch cancer before it spreads. It’s typically done once a year for ongoing screening.
Example: Think of this test like a smoke detector for your entire body—it can sense fires (cancers) you can’t see or feel yet.
How it’s measured: Blood test that detects DNA fragments (called methylation patterns) associated with cancer.
Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA), Free
This measures the free (unbound) form of PSA in your blood. While not used to diagnose prostate cancer directly, high or changing levels can indicate prostate issues that may require more testing.
Example: Free PSA is like a warning light—it doesn’t say exactly what’s wrong, but it tells you to get things checked.
How it’s measured: Blood test that measures the amount of free PSA in the bloodstream.
Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) %, Free
This is the percentage of your total PSA that is free (not attached to proteins). Lower percentages may suggest a higher risk of prostate cancer and can help decide if a biopsy is needed.
Example: It’s like calculating how much of your money is freely available versus tied up—less available (free) may signal a problem.
How it’s measured: Calculated by dividing free PSA by total PSA and multiplying by 100.
Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA), Total
This measures the total amount of PSA in your blood, including both free and protein-bound PSA. It’s used to monitor prostate health and check for warning signs of cancer or other prostate problems.
Example: Total PSA is like your overall fuel level—it doesn’t diagnose the issue, but it shows if the tank’s not working right.
How it’s measured: Standard blood test measuring total PSA.
