What are Sexual Health Biomarkers?
Chlamydia
Chlamydia is the most common sexually transmitted disease (STD) in the U.S. It spreads through vaginal, oral, or anal sex—and often has no symptoms. If left untreated, it can cause serious issues like infertility.
Example: Chlamydia is like a silent intruder—many don’t know they have it until it causes lasting problems.
How it’s measured: Urine test or swab sample tested for the presence of Chlamydia bacteria (nucleic acid amplification test – NAAT).
Gonorrhea
Gonorrhea is another common STD, and many people who have it don’t show symptoms. If not treated early, it can lead to infertility and other complications in both men and women.
Example: Gonorrhea is like a hidden infection—it can quietly damage your body if not caught in time.
How it’s measured: Urine test or swab (vaginal, urethral, throat, or rectal) using nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT).
Herpes Simplex Virus 1 & 2 (HSV-1, HSV-2)
HSV-1 usually causes cold sores, and HSV-2 often causes genital herpes—but either type can appear in both places. Once infected, the virus stays in the body and may reactivate during stress or illness.
Example: Herpes is like a sleeping volcano—it may not always show, but it never fully goes away.
How it’s measured: Blood test to detect HSV-1 and HSV-2 antibodies or swab test of an active sore.
HIV 1 & 2 Antigen-Antibody
This test screens for both common forms of HIV: HIV-1 (the more widespread type) and HIV-2 (rarer and less infectious). Early detection helps start treatment sooner and prevent complications.
Example: Think of this test as a radar for HIV—catching the virus even before symptoms appear.
How it’s measured: Blood test that checks for HIV antigens and antibodies (4th generation test).
RPR (Syphilis)
Syphilis is a bacterial STD that spreads through contact with infected sores or skin during sex. If untreated, it can lead to serious long-term health problems.
Example: Syphilis can hide in your body like a ticking clock—it may seem to go away but comes back stronger if not treated.
How it’s measured: Blood test detecting antibodies using the Rapid Plasma Reagin (RPR) method.
Trichomoniasis
Trich is a common but curable STD caused by a parasite. Most people don’t show symptoms, which makes it easy to pass along unknowingly.
Example: Trich is like a hidden hitchhiker—it often rides along silently unless detected and treated.
How it’s measured: Urine test or swab of the affected area to detect the parasite (NAAT or culture).
